The 45 Long Colt (officially designated by SAAMI as the .45 Colt) is a rimmed, straight walled centerfire revolver cartridge featuring a standard maximum bullet diameter of 0.452 inches (11.48 mm). The maximum case length is 1.285 inches (32.64 mm), and the maximum overall cartridge length is restricted to 1.600 inches (40.64 mm) to ensure compatibility with traditional revolver cylinders and lever action rifle mechanisms. The case utilizes a prominent rim diameter of 0.512 inches (13.00 mm) and maintains a uniform straight body diameter of 0.480 inches (12.19 mm) from the base to the case mouth. Ammunition for this caliber is most commonly found in 250 grain and 255 grain bullet weights. Exact dimensions and operating pressures can vary slightly depending on manufacturing tolerances and whether you reference American SAAMI specifications or European C.I.P. standards.
45 Long Colt Dimensions
| Dimension | Specification | Source | Notes |
| Bullet Diameter | 0.452 in (11.48 mm) | SAAMI / C.I.P. | Standard for modern firearms; 0.454 in was common historically. |
| Case Length | 1.285 in (32.64 mm) | SAAMI | Maximum case length; trim to length is typically 1.275 in. |
| Overall Cartridge Length | 1.600 in (40.64 mm) | SAAMI | Maximum overall length for standard revolver cylinders. |
| Rim Diameter | 0.512 in (13.00 mm) | SAAMI | Maximum rim diameter. |
| Case Diameter (Base) | 0.480 in (12.19 mm) | SAAMI | Maximum diameter measured at the base. |
| Shoulder Diameter | N/A | N/A | Straight walled cartridge; no shoulder. |
| Neck Diameter | 0.480 in (12.19 mm) | SAAMI | Maximum external diameter at the case mouth. |
| Base Diameter | 0.480 in (12.19 mm) | SAAMI | Uniform with the neck due to the straight walled design. |
| Case Capacity | 41.6 to 43.0 gr H2O | Industry Standard | Varies based on brass manufacturer and internal wall thickness. |
| Maximum Pressure | 14,000 psi | SAAMI | C.I.P. maximum is 1,100 bar (approximately 15,950 psi). |
Understanding The 45 Long Colt Dimensions
- Bullet Diameter: The measurement across the widest point of the bullet. For the modern 45 Long Colt, this is specified as 0.452 inches. Older revolvers manufactured before World War II often featured a bore diameter of 0.454 inches, meaning modern ammunition might fit loosely in historical firearms.
- Case Length: The length of the empty brass cylinder from the base to the case mouth, maxing out at 1.285 inches. This long case was originally designed to hold 40 grains of black powder.
- Overall Cartridge Length (OAL): The total length of the fully assembled round from the base to the tip of the bullet, capped at 1.600 inches. OAL directly influences whether a cartridge will fit inside the cylinder of a revolver without binding the cylinder rotation.
- Rim Diameter: The diameter of the flange at the very bottom of the case measuring 0.512 inches. The revolver cylinder uses this prominent rim to securely hold the cartridge and to extract the spent casings.
- Case Diameter: The width of the cartridge body. The 45 Long Colt is a straight walled case, meaning the base diameter (0.480 inches) and the neck diameter (0.480 inches) are identical on unfired brass.
- Base Diameter: The width of the brass just ahead of the rim. It must withstand the initial expansion of ignition.
- Case Capacity: Measured in grains of water (gr H2O), this represents the internal volume of the empty case. Averaging 41.6 to 43.0 grains of water, this case has a massive internal volume for its low operating pressure.
- Maximum Pressure: The peak internal pressure generated when the cartridge is fired. Standard SAAMI limits set this at a very mild 14,000 psi to ensure antique Colt Single Action Army revolvers do not suffer catastrophic failures.
45 Long Colt Cartridge Dimensions In Inches And Millimeters
For engineers, reloaders, and international shooters, below are the primary 45 Long Colt measurements converted accurately between imperial and metric systems.
| Dimension | Inches (SAAMI Max) | Millimeters (Equivalent) |
| Bullet Diameter | 0.452 in | 11.48 mm |
| Case Length | 1.285 in | 32.64 mm |
| Overall Length | 1.600 in | 40.64 mm |
| Rim Diameter | 0.512 in | 13.00 mm |
| Base Diameter | 0.480 in | 12.19 mm |
| Neck Diameter | 0.480 in | 12.19 mm |
45 Long Colt Case Dimensions
The 45 Long Colt is defined by a rimmed, straight walled case. The official maximum case length is 1.285 inches (32.64 mm), with a nominal trim to length for reloaders sitting at 1.275 inches. The base diameter measures 0.480 inches, and the rim diameter extends significantly wider to 0.512 inches.
Because the 45 Long Colt was originally adopted by the US military in 1873 as a black powder cartridge, its case is physically much larger than necessary for modern smokeless powder. Modern smokeless powder charges often fill less than half of the 41.6 to 43.0 grains of water capacity. This excess internal volume requires reloaders to exercise extreme caution. It is exceptionally easy to double charge a 45 Long Colt case with fast burning pistol powder without catching the error visually, which will destroy the firearm upon ignition.
45 Long Colt Bullet Diameter
The standardized maximum bullet diameter for modern 45 Long Colt ammunition is 0.452 inches (11.48 mm).
However, this dimension has shifted historically. When the cartridge was first introduced, the Colt Single Action Army revolvers were manufactured with groove diameters measuring 0.454 inches. Ammunition from that era utilized 0.454 inch lead bullets to properly grip the rifling. Sometime after World War II, firearms manufacturers standardized the 45 Long Colt bore dimensions to match the .45 ACP (0.451 to 0.452 inches) to streamline barrel production.
Shooting a modern 0.452 inch bullet through an antique 0.454 inch barrel will result in poor accuracy and significant lead fouling. Conversely, forcing older or custom cast 0.454 inch bullets through a modern 0.452 inch bore can cause dangerous pressure spikes.
45 Long Colt Overall Length
The SAAMI maximum overall cartridge length (OAL) for the 45 Long Colt is 1.600 inches (40.64 mm). This number is a hard limit designed to guarantee that the bullet tip will not protrude past the front face of a standard revolver cylinder.
Typical factory cartridge length varies based on the bullet profile. A classic 250 grain or 255 grain lead flat nose cowboy load often measures exactly at the maximum 1.600 inches. Modern jacketed hollow points often weigh less and are physically shorter, resulting in an OAL closer to 1.550 inches. If a reloader exceeds 1.600 inches, the nose of the bullet will bind against the forcing cone of the barrel and physically prevent the cylinder from indexing.
45 Long Colt Chamber And Cartridge Dimensions
The relationship between the 45 Long Colt cartridge and the firearm chamber is adapted for early revolvers. The 45 Long Colt cartridge headspaces on its 0.512 inch rim.
This means the protruding rim of the brass casing physically stops against the rear cylinder face. Because it headspaces on the rim, the overall case length does not dictate how deep the cartridge drops into the chamber. This design allows revolver cartridges to employ a heavy roll crimp. A roll crimp physically bends the case mouth into a groove on the bullet known as a crimp groove or cannelure. This heavy crimp is mandatory for holding the bullet firmly in place against the recoil of adjacent cylinders firing, preventing the bullets from backing out of their cases.
45 Long Colt Dimensions vs Similar Cartridges
To understand the 45 Long Colt size profile, it is helpful to compare it against other popular handgun cartridges. Note that dimensional similarities do not imply ammunition interchangeability.
| Cartridge | Bullet Diameter | Case Length | Overall Length | Rim Diameter | Maximum Pressure | Source |
| 45 Long Colt | 0.452 in | 1.285 in | 1.600 in | 0.512 in | 14,000 psi | SAAMI |
| .45 ACP | 0.452 in | 0.898 in | 1.275 in | 0.480 in | 21,000 psi | SAAMI |
| .44 Magnum | 0.429 in | 1.285 in | 1.610 in | 0.514 in | 36,000 psi | SAAMI |
| .454 Casull | 0.452 in | 1.383 in | 1.765 in | 0.512 in | 65,000 psi | SAAMI |
| .460 S&W Mag | 0.452 in | 1.800 in | 2.300 in | 0.512 in | 65,000 psi | SAAMI |
45 Long Colt vs 45 ACP Dimensions
Because they both utilize the number 45 in their names, the 45 Long Colt and the .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) are frequently confused. While they fire the same diameter projectile, they are vastly different cartridges.
- Bullet Diameter: Both modern variants shoot 0.452 inch diameter bullets, making them identical in projectile width.
- Case and Overall Length: The 45 Long Colt is a massive revolver cartridge with a case length of 1.285 inches and an OAL of 1.600 inches, which is far longer than the 0.898 inch case and 1.275 inch OAL of the .45 ACP.
- Case Diameter: The 45 Long Colt features a 0.480 inch base diameter, while the .45 ACP sits slightly narrower at 0.476 inches.
- Rim Design: The 45 Long Colt is a rimmed cartridge with a wide 0.512 inch rim designed to headspace against a revolver cylinder. The .45 ACP is a rimless cartridge designed to stack cleanly in a semi automatic magazine.
- Pressure Specification: Standard 45 Long Colt is limited to a very low 14,000 psi due to antique revolvers still in circulation, while the .45 ACP operates at 21,000 psi.
Dimensional similarity in bullet diameter does not mean ammunition interchangeability. You cannot load 45 Long Colt ammunition into a .45 ACP firearm. Attempting to load .45 ACP into a standard 45 Long Colt revolver requires specialized moon clips and modified cylinders to properly space the rimless cartridge.
45 Long Colt SAAMI vs C.I.P. Dimensions
Cartridge dimensions and safe pressure limits are governed by SAAMI in the United States and C.I.P. in Europe.
While the physical dimensional specifications for the 45 Long Colt are functionally identical between the two bodies to ensure global compatibility, the way they measure and report pressure differs. SAAMI lists the maximum average pressure for standard 45 Long Colt at 14,000 psi, measured via conformal piezoelectric transducers. C.I.P. lists the maximum pressure for the exact same cartridge at 1,100 bar, which translates to approximately 15,950 psi. These are not contradictory safety standards. They are the result of different testing methodologies, transducer placement locations, and historical pressure measurement conversions.
High Pressure Ruger Only Dimensions
While SAAMI limits the standard 45 Long Colt to 14,000 psi, modern heavy frame firearms like the Ruger Blackhawk, Ruger Redhawk, and Thompson Center Contender are built with significantly thicker steel.
Many custom ammunition manufacturers and handloaders produce “Ruger Only” or “+P” 45 Long Colt loads that push operating pressures up to 30,000 psi. These loads do not change the external case dimensions of the 45 Long Colt, but they drastically alter internal ballistics. Firing these high pressure rounds in an original Colt Single Action Army or modern replica will destroy the gun and severely injure the shooter. Because the external dimensions remain exactly identical, the responsibility rests entirely on the shooter to ensure they are using appropriate pressure ammunition for their specific firearm model.
45 Long Colt Bullet Weight And Dimensions
The 45 Long Colt is widely loaded in several common bullet weights, which alter how the internal dimensions of the cartridge are configured.
- 200 grain: A lighter bullet commonly used in cowboy action shooting to minimize recoil. These shorter bullets leave ample case capacity.
- 250 to 255 grain: The traditional standard weight for the caliber. These longer lead bullets take up more space inside the brass case and provide excellent momentum and penetration characteristics for hunting.
- 300+ grain: Extremely heavy hard cast bullets designed strictly for modern, heavy frame revolvers. To maintain the 1.600 inch maximum revolver length, these massive bullets must be seated deeply into the powder column.
Bullet weight does not change the standardized external brass case dimensions. However, because a heavier bullet is physically longer, the manufacturer must adjust the seating depth to ensure the loaded round still fits inside the cylinder.
Why 45 Long Colt Dimensions Matter
Understanding the specific 45 Long Colt dimensions is essential for several practical reasons.
- Cylinder Binding: The strict 1.600 inch overall length defines whether a cartridge will function in a revolver. Handloaders who seat their bullets too shallow will lock up their firearm the moment the cylinder tries to rotate.
- Lever Action Compatibility: Many shooters pair their revolver with a lever action rifle chambered in 45 Long Colt. These rifles rely heavily on exact overall cartridge lengths to transfer rounds smoothly from the magazine tube to the chamber without jamming the elevator mechanism.
- Firearm Safety: Knowing the dimensions allows shooters to understand that while a 45 Long Colt cartridge will physically slide into a .410 bore shotgun chamber or a .454 Casull cylinder, firing improper calibers can cause catastrophic failures.
Manufacturer Specifications vs Independent Measurements
If you use calipers to measure factory 45 Long Colt ammunition from companies like Federal, Winchester, or Hornady, the numbers will rarely match the SAAMI maximum specifications exactly.
SAAMI and C.I.P. publish maximum allowable dimensions to ensure absolute safety and compatibility across all firearm brands. Ammunition manufacturers purposefully produce their cases slightly smaller than these maximums. For example, measuring a factory cartridge and finding a case length of 1.275 inches or an OAL of 1.585 inches does not mean the ammunition is defective. It means the manufacturer built in a reliable negative tolerance margin to guarantee the ammunition will load easily into match grade revolver cylinders.
Common Questions
What are the dimensions of the 45 Long Colt?
The key maximum dimensions are a bullet diameter of 0.452 inches, a case length of 1.285 inches, and an overall cartridge length of 1.600 inches.
What is the 45 Long Colt case length?
The maximum SAAMI case length is 1.285 inches (32.64 mm).
What is the 45 Long Colt overall length?
The maximum overall length (OAL) is 1.600 inches (40.64 mm).
What is the 45 Long Colt bullet diameter?
Modern 45 Long Colt bullets measure 0.452 inches in diameter, though antique firearms often utilized 0.454 inch bullets.
What is the 45 Long Colt rim diameter?
The rim diameter measures 0.512 inches (13.00 mm).
What is the 45 Long Colt case diameter?
The 45 Long Colt is a straight walled cartridge, meaning the case diameter is uniformly 0.480 inches from the base to the neck.
How do 45 Long Colt and .45 ACP dimensions compare?
They share the exact same bullet diameter, but the 45 Long Colt is a rimmed revolver cartridge with a much longer 1.285 inch case, whereas the .45 ACP is a rimless semi auto cartridge with a short 0.898 inch case.
Why is it called the 45 Long Colt?
The term “Long Colt” was historically adopted by shooters and quartermasters to distinguish the 1.285 inch cartridge from the shorter .45 Schofield and .45 Government cartridges used in the late 1800s, though SAAMI officially recognizes it simply as the “.45 Colt”.
What is the maximum overall length of the 45 Long Colt?
The absolute maximum allowed by SAAMI is 1.600 inches to ensure the bullet does not bind against the front of a standard revolver cylinder.
What is the 45 Long Colt maximum pressure?
The SAAMI maximum average pressure is 14,000 psi. Modern heavy frame revolvers can safely handle custom loads exceeding 30,000 psi, but these exceed traditional SAAMI specifications.