Whether you are ringing steel at long distances with a precision .308 or zeroing a brand-new hunting optic, mastering Minute of Angle (MOA) is the absolute foundation of accurate shooting. However, doing complex angular math in your head while behind the glass isn’t always practical.
Welcome to your complete, all-in-one resource for optic adjustments. At the top of this page, you will find our interactive MOA Range Calculator. This tool is designed to instantly convert your target distance and observed target offsets into exact turret clicks, removing the guesswork from your scope adjustments.
But this page is more than just a quick-fix tool. Below the calculator, we have compiled the ultimate guide to understanding angular measurement. Keep scrolling to:
- Generate and print custom Range Cards for your specific setup.
- Reference quick-glance MOA Charts for standard yardages.
- Learn the exact MOA Formulas used by professionals to calculate target size and distance.
Start by plugging your optic’s numbers into the calculator below to get on target, and read on to master the math behind the glass.
MOA Calculator
Scope Settings
Range Card
| Range (Yards) | 1 MOA (in) | 1 MOA (mm) | 1 Click Value |
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How to Determine and Calculate MOA
Minute of Angle (MOA) is an angular measurement used to describe the accuracy of a firearm or the adjustment of a scope. A full circle has 360 degrees, and each degree is divided into 60 minutes. Therefore, 1 MOA is 1/60th of a degree. Because it is an angle, the linear size of 1 MOA expands as the distance increases.
MOA Measurement at 100 Yards
At 100 yards, 1 True MOA measures exactly 1.047 inches. For the sake of simplicity in the field, most shooters round this down to 1 inch, which is known as Shooter’s MOA (SMOA) or Inch Per Hundred Yards (IPHY).
How to Calculate MOA at Distance
To calculate the size of 1 MOA at any given distance in yards, divide your target distance by 100.
- MOA Calculator for Yards Formula:
Distance in Yards / 100 = Size of 1 MOA in inches. - Example: At 400 yards, 1 MOA is roughly 4 inches (400 / 100 = 4).
1 MOA at 300 Yards
Using the formula above, simply divide 300 by 100. At 300 yards, 1 MOA is approximately 3 inches (or exactly 3.141 inches if using True MOA).
Calculating MOA Adjustments Long Range (MOA to Clicks)
To adjust your scope so your point of aim matches your point of impact, you need to convert your bullet’s offset into scope clicks. Most MOA scopes adjust by 1/4 MOA per click.
- Determine how far off your shot is in inches (e.g., 5 inches low).
- Determine the size of 1 MOA at your current distance.
- Divide your offset by the 1 MOA size to get the MOA adjustment required.
- Multiply that number by 4 (for a 1/4 MOA scope) to find your total clicks.
How to Range with an MOA Reticle (MOA Range Formula)
If you know the actual physical size of your target, you can use your scope’s MOA reticle to calculate the distance to that target.
- MOA Formula for Distance:
(Target Size in Inches ÷ MOA read on reticle) × 95.5 = Distance in Yards. - Example: A 12-inch steel plate covers 3 MOA in your scope. (12 ÷ 3) × 95.5 = 382 yards away.
MIL to MOA / MRAD to MOA Conversion
Milliradians (MILs or MRAD) and MOA are just two different units of angular measurement.
- 1 MIL = 3.438 MOA
- MIL to MOA: Multiply your MIL value by 3.438.
- MOA to MIL: Divide your MOA value by 3.438.
Difference Between 6 MOA and 2 MOA
This terminology is most commonly used when choosing red dot sights. The number refers to how much of the target the red dot covers at 100 yards.
- 2 MOA: Covers 2 inches at 100 yards. A smaller dot allows for greater precision at longer distances without obscuring the target.
- 6 MOA: Covers 6 inches at 100 yards. A larger dot is easier for the eye to pick up quickly, making it ideal for fast, close-range shooting (like on a defensive handgun).
MOA Calculation and Scope Adjustment Chart
Below is a quick-reference target size and adjustment chart based on Shooter’s MOA (1 MOA = 1 inch at 100 yards) for a standard scope with 1/4 MOA turrets.
| Distance (Yards) | 1 MOA Size (Inches) | Value of 1 Click (1/4 MOA Scope) | Clicks to Move Impact 1 Inch |
| 100 | 1.0″ | 0.25″ | 4 clicks |
| 200 | 2.0″ | 0.50″ | 2 clicks |
| 300 | 3.0″ | 0.75″ | 1.3 clicks |
| 400 | 4.0″ | 1.00″ | 1 click |
| 500 | 5.0″ | 1.25″ | 0.8 clicks |